研究

If you're looking to maximize the amount of fat burned in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started – as a new study suggests it can make a significant difference to fat burning, especially later on in the day.

如果你希望下一次锻炼时最大化地提高脂肪燃烧量，不妨考虑在运动前半小时喝杯咖啡——因为有新研究表明，它可以使脂肪燃烧量明显变化，尤其是在下午。

Researchers found that 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight  can boost the rate of fat burning during aerobic exercise, based on results gathered from 15 male volunteers.

研究人员收集了15名男性志愿者的数据后发现，如果按每公斤体重3毫克的量来摄入咖啡因，就可以提高有氧运动中的脂肪燃烧速度。

The coffee dose was shown to increase maximal fat oxidation rate (a measure of how efficiently the body burns off fat) by an average of 10.7 percent in the morning and 29 percent in the afternoon.

研究表明，咖啡可以增加最大脂肪氧化率，上午平均增加10.7%，下午增加29%。最大脂肪氧化率用于衡量身体有效燃烧脂肪的效率。

Spanking may affect a child's brain development in similar ways to more severe forms of violence, according to a new study led by Harvard researchers.

哈佛大学研究人员领头的一项新研究表明，打屁股对儿童大脑发育的影响，可能与更严重的暴力虐待造成的后果类似。

The research, published recently in the journal Child Development, builds on existing studies that show heightened activity in certain regions of the brains of children who experience abuse in response to threat cues.

这篇最近发表在《儿童发育》期刊上的论文基于现有的一些研究，这些研究发现，遭受虐待的儿童在应对威胁时大脑的特定区域活动会增强。

The group found that children who had been spanked had a greater neural response in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These areas of the brain respond to cues in the environment that tend to be consequential, such as a threat, and may affect decision-making and processing of situations.

研究团队发现，打屁股会增强儿童大脑前额叶皮层多个区域的神经反应。大脑的这些区域会根据环境中的威胁等信号做出反应，并可能影响儿童的决策以及对局势的分析能力。